METABOLIC PROFILING OF LICHENS (PERMOTREMA PERLATUM) COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT HILL STATIONS
Ajoy K. Bauri*, Ines Castro Dionicio, Eric Salinas Arellano, Jonathan G. Jeyaraj, Sabine Foro and Esperanza J. Carcache de Blanco*
ABSTRACT
Lichens are beautiful bio-organisms in nature. They are symbiotic association of algae and fungus or cyano-bacteria and belong to Parmeliaceae family. Amongst, some of lichen species are edible and used as spices as well as folklore medicine to cure different kind of ailments. Specimens of lichen (Permotrema parlatum) have been collected from different hill stations of South India to combat their bioactive chemical constituencies. Chemical investigation revealed that different classes of compounds 1-12 present in the diethyl ether and methanol extracts of lichens collected from different localities. Amongst them, atranorin, was present as major chemical constituent in all lichen samples in variable amounts (2.0-0.02 % of its dry weight). The structural determinations of these compounds were carried out by means of 1H & 13C NMR and HRESI-MS in comparison with their data reported in literature. The structural confirmation was secured by X-ray diffraction study of crystallized compounds as applicable. The chemical composition of all lichens is very resembled, but with variable in relative abundance except lichen sample procured from Munnar hill station located in Kerala State of South India. Interestingly, lichen collected from Munnar in Kerala contained chloroatranorin and a very small amount of a fluoroatranorin along with other aforesaid metabolites in the lichen samples collected from other hill stations.
Keywords: Lichens; a comparative study of their metabolites; phenols, depsides and tridepsides; their isolation and structural characterization by NMR & HRESI-MS.
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