European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

IN SILICO MOLECULAR DOCKING ANALYSIS AND ADME PROFILING OF THE SIDDHA HERBAL FORMULATION GOWTHAMAR CHOORANAM AGAINST CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

R. Umabharathi*, K. Thangagomathi, K. Vignesh

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective: Chronic bronchitis is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disorder characterized by persistent cough, excessive sputum production, airway inflammation, and progressive obstruction of the bronchi. The disease significantly affects respiratory function and quality of life due to recurrent airway irritation and mucus accumulation. In Siddha medicine, conditions resembling chronic bronchitis are associated with derangement of Kabamm and Vaathamm, resulting in cough, phlegm accumulation, wheezing, and breathing difficulty. Although conventional therapies provide symptomatic relief, prolonged treatment is frequently associated with adverse effects, recurrence, and therapeutic resistance. Siddha herbal formulations have been traditionally used for respiratory disorders because of their anti-inflammatory, expectorant, broncho-dilatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. Among them, Gowthamar Chooranam is a classical Siddha formulation traditionally indicated for chronic cough and respiratory ailments. However, its molecular mechanism and pharmacological potential against the disease remains scientifically unexplored. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the molecular docking interactions and ADME profiling of selected phytoconstituents of Gowthamar Chooranam against major inflammatory targets associated with chronic bronchitis using computational approaches. Materials and Methods: Preliminary molecular docking analysis was carried out using AutoDock tools to evaluate the interaction between selected phytoconstituents of Gowthamar Chooranam and inflammatory target proteins associated with chronic respiratory inflammation. The major phytocompounds were identified through literature review and phytochemical databases. ADME and drug-likeness profiling were performed using the SwissADME web server to evaluate pharmacokinetic properties, gastrointestinal absorption, cytochrome P450 inhibition, bioavailability, and medicinal chemistry parameters. Results and Discussion: The selected phytoconstituents exhibited significant binding affinity and stable molecular interactions with inflammatory target proteins involved in chronic bronchitis. ADME analysis demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic properties, acceptable gastrointestinal absorption, and good drug-likeness profiles, indicating promising anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory potential of the selected compounds. Conclusion: The present computational study suggests that Gowthamar Chooranam possesses significant therapeutic potential against airway inflammation through anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms. Further in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies are required to validate the efficacy and safety of the formulation.

Keywords: Siddha, Chronic bronchitis, Gowthamar Chooranam, Respiratory inflammation.