PHYTOCHEMICAL AND SOME BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE STEM BARK EXTRACTS OF Pentaclethra macrophylla BENTH.
Usifoh Cyril, Udobre Aniefiok*, Isang Mandu and Essien Grace
ABSTRACT
Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth (fabaceae) also called African oil bean is a tropical tree crop found mostly in the southern rain forest zone of west Africa.. In Nigeria, the stem bark of Pentaclethra macrophylla is used traditionally to treat headache, pains, fever, boils and swellings . This study intends to evaluate the analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory, properties of the methanol extract of the stem bark of the plant in 150 albino mice. The result of the phytochemical screening revealed that the extract contained alkaloids, tannins, terpenes, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins carbohydrates and polyphenols.The lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was 346.41 mg/kg in mice. A dose of 103.92mg/kg of the extract reduced the writhing movement (nociceptive response) in mice significantly (P<0.05) from 71.775.20 to 22.70 1.55. It reduced the rectal temperature (pyrexia response) of the mice significantly (P<0.05) from 38.20 0.06 to 35.60 0.19 It also reduced the hind paw licking (inflammatory response) in mice significantly (P<0.05) from 6.150.89 to 4.690.72 compared to the negative control.
Keywords: Phytochemical constituents,Biological activities, Pentaclethra macrophylla.
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