EFFECT OF HEXANE AND ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF ACALYPHA WILKESIANA ON LIPID PROFILE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS
Joy O. Oyebisi*, Osaro Iyekowa, Amowie P. Oviawe and Sylvanus O. Innih
ABSTRACT
Background: Acalypha wilkesiana Hoffmanni commonly has been reported to possess many beneficial phytoconstituents. The effect of hexane and ethanol extracts of Acalypha wilkesiana Hoffmannii on lipid profile and oxidative stress markers were investigated. Methods: A total of 60 rats were divided into 12 groups with 5 rats in each group; Group A received 5mls/kg of distilled water /day, group B received 5% of tween 80, group C received 20mg of margarine dissolved in 100ml of vegetable oil and group D received low dose (75mg/kg) of the Hexane extract only. Rats from group E received high dose (150mg/kg) of the Hexane extract only, group F received low dose (75mg/kg) of the Ethanol extract only, group G received high dose (150mg/kg) of the Ethanol extract only, group H received 20mg of margarine dissolved in 100ml of vegetable oil for one month after which they were treated with atorvastatin10mg/kg while group I received 20mg of margarine dissolved in 100ml of vegetable oil for one month after which they were treated with low dose (75mg/kg) of the hexane extract, group J received 20mg of margarine dissolved in 100ml of vegetable oil for one month after which they were treated with high dose (150mg/kg) of the hexane extract. Other rats from group K received 20mg of margarine dissolved in 100ml of vegetable oil for one month after which they were treated with low dose (75mg/kg) of the ethanol extract while group L (received 20mg of margarine dissolved in 100ml of vegetable oil for one month after which they were treated with high dose (150mg/kg) of the ethanol extract. Administration and weighing were done for the period of 60days after which the rats were sacrificed under chloroform anesthesia and the heart and blood tissue were harvested for Lipid profile and Oxidative stress analysis. Results: Group C (Hypercholesterolemic rats) gave a total cholesterol value of 179.30±0.83 and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) value of 56.11±0.87, group H (Hypercholesterolemic rats treated with atorvastatin10mg/kg) gave a total cholesterol value of 151.3±11.18 and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) value of 31.93±3.10, group I (Hypercholesterolemic rats treated with the low dose of the hexane extract) gave a total cholesterol value of 147.22±15.43 and LDL value of 39.45±5.99, group J (Hypercholesterolemic rats treated with the high dose of the hexane extract) gave a total cholesterol value of 150.13±4.81 and LDL value of 35.68±2.59, group K (Hypercholesterolemic rats treated with the low dose of the ethanol extract) gave a total cholesterol value of 171.91±9.08 and LDL value of 54.77±5.77 while group L (Hypercholesterolemic rats treated with the high dose of the ethanol extract) gave a total cholesterol value of 150.15±13.21 and LDL value of 48.43±3.03. Conclusion: Both the low and high doses of the hexane extracts of Acalypha wilkesiana significantly reduced both the Total Cholesterol level and the low density lipoprotein (LDL) (P-value <0.05) when compared with the Hypercholesterolemic rats. There was a significant increase in the antioxidants parameters (Gluthathione Peroxide (GPx), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT)) and a reduction in Malondialdehyde (MDA) when compared with the Hypercholesterolemic rats (P-value<0.05).
Keywords: Hypercholesterolemia, Acalypha wilkesiana, Lipid Profile, Oxidative Stress, Antihypercholesterolemic activites, Green Acalypha.
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