European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

DETERMINATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN OBESE WOMEN USING THE GLOBORISK SCALE

León-Bello J. A.*, García-Espinoza E. Y., Balderas-Gómez L. F., Zárate-Flores A. D., Perea-González G. P., Cortez-Rodríguez B., Moreno-Hernández L., López-Escobar M. and Cordero-Perea H.

ABSTRACT

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the world, in Mexico the situation is similar, with coronary and cerebrovascular disease responsible for significant morbility and mortality in the Mexican population. The cardiovascular risk factors identified from prospective studies such as the Framingham study explain the growing cardiovascular risk in western population, where the variables inherent to industrialization explain the high incidence and prevalence of these factors. Obesity is considered a cardiovascular risk factor and the lipotoxicity status is associated with it conditions the appearance and persistence of other cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, among others. Therefore, the objective is to determine cardiovascular risk in obese women by a validated instrument for the mexican population. Method: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative and qualitative study was carried out in women who participated in the High Obesity (HO) collective in Tehuacán, in the State of Puebla, in the medical-nutritional program (January 1 to June 30, 2022). Results: 44 women participated, with an average age of 51.8 years, 100% had some degree of obesity, there was a similar distribution of women stratified according to their body mass index in obesity type I and II, 54.5% and 40.9% respectively. The systolic blood pressure average was 136.3 mm Hg, 29.5% corresponding to 13 women had positive smoking, 61.36% of the sample studied have a positive hereditary history of coronary heart disease or cerebrovascular disease. Regarding cardiovascular risk stratification by office Globorisk, a similar percentage distribution was found in the categories. Category 1: cardiovascular risk less than 5%, 14 women (32%); category 2: cardiovascular risk 5-9%, 16 women (36%); category 3: cardiovascular risk 10-19%, 13 women, (30%), category 4 cardiovascular risk 20-29%: only one woman was stratified (2%). Two important correlations were found, body mass index and cardiovascular risk, which was 0.61, considered moderately high, the other correlation was systolic pressure and cardiovascular risk using Globorisk, which was 0.52, considered moderate. Conclusions: 68% of the women had a cardiovascular risk greater than 5%, a high percentage considering the age of the population (40 to 60 years). The body mass index (BMI) is a factor of great relevance in determining cardiovascular risk, a variable that achieved the highest correlation with the Globorisk results. Systolic pressure is the second factor that correlates with an increase in the risk of having a cardiovascular event measured through this instrument. The Globorisk office version model stratified approximately two-thirds of the women studied with a global cardiovascular risk greater than 5%, which is alarming, considering that they are in a productive age group.

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