European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

PROXIMATE ANALYSES AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY – MASS SPECTROMETRY IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS OF THE HYDRO-METHANOLIC SEED EXTRACT OF AZANZA GARCKEANA

*M. A. Egbejimi, S. O. Ojeka and D. V. Dapper

ABSTRACT

Fresh fruits of Azanza garckeana harvested from Tula in Kaltungo LGA, Gombe State, Nigeria were obtained and
subjected to the crude maceration extraction using the combination of water and methanol (20:80 v/v) to constitute
the solvent for the extraction. The protocol of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) was
adopted for the proximate analysis of the plant sample.The standard procedure for identification of bioactive
constituents using the GCMS was carefully used. The result of the proximate analysis revealed that the levels of
moisture content, ash content, total fatty acid (TFA), crude fibre (CF), nitrogen, crude protein (CP) and
carbohydrate in percentages (%) were found to be 5.53 ±0.03, 1.31 ± 0.00, 6.86 ± 0.01, 1.06 ± 0.00, 2.65 ± 0.00,
16.59 ±0.06 and 65.72 ±0.34 respectively. The GCMS identified bioactive constituents of the extract were up to
24 including 2-Furancarboxaldehyde (or furan-2-carbaldehyde); 1-Hexene; Furfural; Pentadecanoic acid; 2,5-
Furandicarboxaldehyde; Benzoic acid; 4-Methylpyridazine; 2H-Pyran-2-one (or pyran-2-one; 3-Methyl-4-nitro-5-
(1-pyrazolyl)pyrazole; 1-Pentyne; 2-Propanol; 2H-Oxireno[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]furan-2-one; 2(1H)-Pyridinone
(or 1H-pyridin-2-one); Propanoic acid; Butanedioic acid (or Succinic acid); 1-Methylcyclopropene;
Heptadecanoic acid; 1-Oxetan-2-one; Isonicotinic acid N-oxide; Benzoyl chloride; Oleanitrile; 2-Hexene; 2-
Butenoyl chloride (Crotonyl chloride) and 2,4-Hexadiyne-1,6-diol. There were various beneficial biological
properties attributed to the different constituents. In conclusion, present study has revealed that proper profiling of
medicinal plant using advance and sensitive analytical technique like the GCMS can helpful in more precisely
predicting the therapeutic value of such plant, as with the case of the investigated hydro-methanolic seed extract of
azanza garckeana. Hydromethanolic extract was potentially better at identifying the various chemical constituents
0f the seed of Azanza garckeana.

Keywords: Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry; Bioactive Constituents of the Hydromethanolicextract; Azanza garckeana; Proximate Analyses.