MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES: AN EMERGING IMMUNOTHERAPY TECHNOLOGY
Shafras Mahroof*, Geetika Pant and Rukshan Rafeek
ABSTRACT
Antibodies of a single idiotype produced by immortalized B cells are called monoclonal antibodies which are mono-specific in nature. Its specificity serves as a detector for purify almost any given substance. The Y shaped structure of antibodies consist of 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains with one variable region which gives antibody its specificity for binding antigen and 3 constant regions determines the mechanism used to destroy antigen. The development of hybridization techniques allowed for production of one kind of specific antibody by immortalized antibody-producing cells. Methods were then developed to screen for and produce large numbers of these antibodies for use in many applications, mAbs in biomedical research play a role in identification of proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. Their use has led to the elucidation of many molecules that control cell replication and differentiation. This technology has improved the understanding of the host response to infectious –disease agents and toxins produced by these agents, to transplanted organs and tissues, to spontaneously transformed cells and to endogenous antigens. The exquisite specificity of mAb allows them to used in humans and animals for disease diagnosis and treatment.
Keywords: Monoclonal Antibody, Hybridoma Technology, Applications, Types, Side effects.
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