European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

A REVIEW OF COLON CANCER IN TERMS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, RISK FACTORS, DEVELOPMENT, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, SYMPTOM, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Marni Dhruthi Chowdary*, Chidirala Sai Preethi, Aashutosh Sinwal, Ishu, Priya Rahi and Vaibhav Sinwal

ABSTRACT

In the US, colorectal cancer ranks third in terms of both incidence and mortality among cancers that affect both men and women. Only lung cancer has a higher death rate from cancer than colon cancer, which is the third most common kind worldwide. Colorectal cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women and the third most common in males, based on its occurrence rate. The risk of developing colorectal cancer is significantly higher in individuals with a family history of the disease. The risk of developing colorectal cancer is significantly higher in individuals with a family history of the disease. Genetic mutations take place when the transition happens from normal colonic epithelium to dysplasia, leading to the eventual development of cancer. Rectal bleeding, abdominal mass, abdominal pain, changes in bowel movements, unexplained weight loss, and iron-deficiency anaemia are symptoms that indicate the presence of probable colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy is a medical procedure that can be employed to eliminate cancer cells during the treatment of stage 0 cancer. If the tumour is small, in its initial stages, and has not metastasized to other organs, the patient's primary choice is local treatment. This medical operation, referred to as a hemicolectomy, partial colectomy, or segmental resection, may involve performing a colonoscopy or cutting the piece of the colon that contains the cancer cells in order to remove the affected area completely.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer, Inflammatory bowel disease, Vascular endothelial growth factor, Colonoscopy, Bevacizumab.