European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

THE ROLE OF CAROVERINE IN TINNITUS MANAGEMENT: MECHANISMS, EFFICACY, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

*Dr. Narendra Yadav, Dr. Bhoopendra Singh and Dr. Shankar Lal

ABSTRACT

Objective: To review the current evidence on the use of caroverine in the treatment of tinnitus, exploring its mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, potential combination therapies, and future prospects. Methods: A comprehensive review of literature from clinical trials, preclinical studies, and relevant case reports was conducted. The studies were analyzed to assess the pharmacological properties of caroverine, its role as an NMDA receptor antagonist and calcium channel blocker, and its impact on tinnitus symptoms. Additionally, studies addressing the limitations and challenges in caroverine’s clinical application were included. Results: Caroverine demonstrates potential in reducing tinnitus symptoms by targeting auditory neural overactivity through its effects on NMDA receptors and calcium channels. It has been shown to offer relief in acute tinnitus, particularly in cases linked to peripheral auditory dysfunction. However, its efficacy in chronic tinnitus and its variability in patient response remain challenges. Research into combination therapies and personalized treatment approaches is ongoing. Despite promising results, larger, long-term studies are required to fully establish its clinical benefits and safety profile. Conclusion: Caroverine holds promise as a therapeutic option for tinnitus, particularly in acute cases and when combined with other treatments. Further clinical trials, exploring its role in different tinnitus subtypes and assessing its long-term effects, are essential for optimizing its therapeutic application. Advances in delivery systems and combination therapies may enhance its effectiveness, positioning caroverine as a valuable tool in tinnitus management.

Keywords: Caroverine, tinnitus, NMDA receptor antagonist, calcium channel blocker.