European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

A REVIEW OF ECZEMA RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT

M. Karthick*, Dr. R. Manivannan, M. Dhanush, B. Nitheesh, H. Parveen Fathima, T. Vinithkumar, K. Nisha

ABSTRACT

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by red, itchy, and scaly patches. It primarily affects the epidermis and can occur at any age, though it often begins in childhood. Eczema encompasses several types, including atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis (both irritant and allergic), dyshidrotic eczema, nummular eczema, seborrheic dermatitis. Atopic dermatitis, a persistent inflammatory skin condition that impacts 10% of adults and up to 20% of youths around the world, affects over 200 million people. While adult-onset dermatitis accounts for one in four cases of atopic dermatitis, the condition is more common in children and often worsens into maturity. The pathogenesis of eczema involves a complex interplay between genetic predisposition, immune system deregulations, and environmental factors. Genetic mutations affecting the skin barrier function, such as those in the filaggrin gene, contribute to increased susceptibility by allowing irritants and allergens to penetrate the skin. In severe cases, systemic treatments or immuno modulators may be required. While there is no cure, ongoing research into the underlying mechanisms and new therapeutic approaches aims to improve long-term management and patient outcomes.

Keywords: Eczema, Types, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Treatment.