ACETAMINOPHEN POISONING: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
Ifenkwe John Chimerenka* and Ononuju Uzochukwu Alozie
ABSTRACT
Acetaminophen (APAP), also known as paracetamol, is one of the most widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic agent, but its toxicity remains a significant public health concern. APAP poisoning is a leading cause of acute liver failure worldwide, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth examination of APAP poisoning, encompassing its epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies. The review highlights the importance of prompt recognition and treatment, as well as the need for education and awareness campaigns to prevent APAP poisoning. Furthermore, it emphasizes the significance of regulatory measures, packaging and labeling modifications, and technological interventions in reducing APAP-related harm. This review serves as a valuable resource for healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers seeking to understand and address the complexities of APAP poisoning.
Keywords: Acetaminophen poisoning, Liver failure, Overdose, Hepatotoxicity, Medication safety, Therapeutic intervention.
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