European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

COMPARISON OF LARVICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SIX PLANTS LEAVES IN MALARIA VECTOR CONTROL IN COUFFO DEPARTMENT IN SOUTH-WESTERN BENIN, WEST AFRICA

Eloi Honvoh, Nazaire Aïzoun*, Arlette Adjatin and Daniel Chougourou

ABSTRACT

Background: The use of chemical insecticides causes important damages to environment and human health and there is a need to search for alternative solutions. Objective: The current study aimed to compare the larvicidal activities of ethanolic extract of six plants leaves in malaria vector control in Couffo department in south-western Republic of Benin, West Africa. Methodology: Larvae of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes were collected from breeding sites using the dipping method from September to November 2023 during the small rainy season and from the March to July 2024 during the great rainy season in the six districts of Couffo department. A batch of twenty five (25) larvae of fourth instar were exposed to ethanolic extracts of Sida acuta Burm F. (Malvaceae), Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Myrtaceae), Anacardium occidentale, Allium sativum L. (Amaryllidaceae), Parkia biglobosa (Mimosaceae) and Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill (Apiaceae) leaves with different concentrations of 1 mg/liter, 2mg/liter, 3 mg/liter, 4 mg/liter and 5 mg/liter in some glass jars or plastic test cups of same dimensions covered with small cutting untreated net and in some control jars containing no trace of these ethanolic extracts. Larval mortality was recorded after 24 hours, 48 hours and 72hours exposure. Results: The results showed that among the six ethanolic extracts of plants leaves used in the current study, ethanolic extract of Allium sativum L. leaves was the most effective on Anopheles gambiae s.l. larvae following by ethanolic extract of Sida acuta Burm F. leaves, following by ethanolic extract of Parkia biglobosa leaves, following by ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill leaves, following by ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus globulus Labill leaves and following by ethanolic extract of Anacardium occidentale leaves. Conclusion: Among the six ethanolic extracts of plants leaves used in the current study, Allium sativum L. extract have the highest larvicidal activity. It was found to be effective against the larvae of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato in laboratory conditions. The indigenous plants with proven mosquito control potential can be used as an alternative to synthetic insecticides under the integrated vector control.

Keywords: botanical insecticide, ethanolic extract, Anopheles gambiae, malaria control, Benin.