European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

STUDY OF SURFACE WATER POLLUTION- CASE STUDY ON UTTRAKHAND AND WEST U.P. (I. E. BIJNOR DISTRICT)

Anil Kumar* and Mukesh Kumar

ABSTRACT

The Ganga River has become polluted rivers in India as well as in the world because of the high-density population growth and speedy industrialization. The Ganga River is severely polluted and needs urgent revival. The Ganga River in Haridwar is polluted due to exceptional tourist activity, poor sewage facilities, and insufficient wastewater management amenities. The measurement of the quality can be done by water quality assessment. Due to historical, geographical, religious, political, and socio-cultural reasons, India has a unique place in the world (Agarwal et al., 2016). Pollution-causing activities have caused severe changes in aquatic environments over the last few decades. Serious questions have been raised in context to the safe use of river water for drinking and other purposes in recent times. Numerous contaminants are playing a major role in polluting the river water. It is one of the main concerns for most of the metropolitan cities of developing nations. Rivers play a vital role in shaping up the natural, cultural, and economic aspects of any country (Rafiq, 2016). Water is a vital resource for human life. According to the World Water Development Report 2021 published by UNESCO, the world’s freshwater consumption has grown six-fold over the past century and is increasing at a rate of approximately 1% per annum since the 1980’s. As water consumption increases, water quality challenges arise. Industrialization, agriculture, and urbanization have led to pollution and degradation of the environment, which affects the water bodies (rivers and oceans) essential for human life. This has a negative impact on human health and on sustainable social development. Around 80% of industrial or municipal wastewater is released into the environment without prior treatment, affecting human health and ecosystems alike. This percentage is higher in LDCs, where sanitation and sewage treatment facilities are significantly lacking.

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