European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

A COMPHREHENSIVE REVIEW ON VERTIGO

*Sreenu Thalla,  Yeluguri Susmitha, Thodeti Mahendra,  Manisha Gollapalli, Kommineni Charitha Sree, Kora Siva Ram and  Srinivasa Babu Puttagunta

ABSTRACT

Vertigo is a prevalent and often debilitating symptom characterized by the sensation of motion or spinning in the
absence of actual movement. It affects a significant portion of the population and can stem from a wide range of
underlying conditions involving the peripheral or central vestibular systems. This comprehensive review explores
the pathophysiology, classification, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies for vertigo. Emphasis is
placed on differentiating between peripheral causes, s uch as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV),
Ménière’s disease, and vestibular neuritis, and central causes, including stroke and multiple sclerosis. The review
also examines current diagnostic tools, such as the Dix Hallpike maneuver, videonystagmo graphy (VNG), and
MRI imaging. Therapeutic options, including vestibular rehabilitation, pharmacologic treatment, and surgical
interventions, are discussed with a focus on evidence based practices. The review aims to provide clinicians and
researchers with an updated and holistic understanding of vertigo to facilitate accurate diagnosis and effective
patient management.

Keywords: Vertigo, Vestibular System, Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV), Ménière’s Disease, Vestibular Neuritis, Dizziness, Vest ibular Rehabilitation.