European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

BAEL FRUIT (AEGLE MARMELOS): A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON PHYTOCHEMICAL, PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND ITS TRADITIONAL USES

B. Premkumar*, B. Aswak Kabir, K. Eswaramoorthi, W. Ajay Shyam, I. Manoj and J. Sowmiya.

ABSTRACT

Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa, commonly known as bael, is a highly revered plant in traditional Indian medicine, particularly in Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani systems. This comprehensive review examines the nutritional, phytochemical, and pharmacological attributes of bael fruit, drawing from both traditional knowledge and modern scientific research. Rich in alkaloids, coumarins, terpenoids, and polyphenols, bael exhibits significant therapeutic activities including antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and anticancer effects. Experimental studies highlight mechanisms such as enzyme inhibition, free radical scavenging, and modulation of signaling pathways, validating its use in conditions like diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, and liver diseases. Moreover, bael has demonstrated protective roles against oxidative stress, cardiac dysfunction, and radiation-induced damage. Despite the strong preclinical evidence, clinical validation and standardization remain limited. This review underscores the need for further investigations to elucidate bioactive compounds, optimize extraction methods, and conduct clinical trials. Bael holds immense promise as a sustainable and effective source for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical development, bridging traditional medicine with modern therapeutics.

Keywords: Aegle marmelos, Bael fruit, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Nutraceuticals.