European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

IN VITRO ANTI-UROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY OF COMBINATION OF KALANCHOE PINNATA AND TRIDAX PROCUMBENES EXTRACT

Anuja Nanasaheb Nikam*

ABSTRACT

Kidney stone disease is known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis in medical terminology. "Renal" is Latin for kidney, while "nephro" is the Greek equivalent. "Lithiasis” and "calculus" (Lat.-pl. calculi) both mean stone. Kidney stone disease is a crystallopathy and occurs when there are too many minerals in the urine and not enough liquid or hydration. This imbalance causes tiny pieces of crystal to aggregate and form hard masses, or calculi (stones) in the upper urinary tract. Because renal calculi typically form in the kidney, if small enough, they are able to leave the urinary tract via the urine stream. A small calculus may pass without causing symptoms. However, if a stone grows to more than 5 millimeters (0.2 inches), it can cause blockage of the ureter, resulting in extremely sharp and severe pain (renal colic) in the lower back that often radiates downward to the groin.[1] The most patient with nephrolithiasis (75%-80%) from calcium stone, most composed primarily of calcium oxalate monohydrate or dehydrate. The 4 most common chemical factor contributing to urinary stone formation are hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria & hyppcitraturia.[2] The main need & Objectives:-The primary objective of Anti-urolithiatic activity is to prevent kidney stones. To inhibiting the formation of crystal preventing their growth and aggregation. To prevent the urinary disease covered by kidney stones. Material and Methods: Aqueous extract of Kalanchoe pinnata fresh leaves was prepared and arranged in the different concentrations. Homogenous precipitation method was used to prepare artificial stones such as calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate and semi-permeable membrane of eggs was used as dissolution bags. Dissolution models were incubated in 72hrs and after that, the entire content in dissolution bags was estimated spectrophotometrically. The inhibitory activity of combination of Kalanchoe pinnata and tridax percubenes extract on the nucleation of calcium oxalate crystals and the rate of aggregation in calcium oxalate crystals was determined by weight variation assay of calcium oxalate tablet. Results: In dissolution models, the extract of combination of Kalanchoe pinnata and tridax percubenes has greater capability to dissolve calcium oxalate while Cystone standard has shown better demineralization for calcium phosphate rather than extract of Kalanchoe pinnata. Cystone exhibited strongly inhibitory action in the nucleation assay rather than aggregation assay. The combination of Kalanchoe pinnata and tridax percubenes extract exhibited inhibitory action in both of nucleation and aggregation assays to significant level. Discussion: The present investigation will be supportive to the scientific documentation related in-vitro studies. Correlation between in-vitro studies may be helpful to understand the molecular mechanism of litholysis process and to reveal phytochemicals of the extract responsible for dissolving or disintegrating renal calculi. Conclusion: combination of Kalanchoe pinnata and tridax percubenes extract extract exhibited significant in-vitro anti-urolithiatic activity.

Keywords: Cystone, combination of Kalanchoe pinnata and tridax percubenes extract, Anti-urolithiatic activity, spectrophotometrical.