HARNESSING THE POWER OF MN?O? NANOPARTICLES: GREEN SYNTHESIS AND METAL DOPING FOR COMBATING MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT BACTERIA
Arghyadeep Sen, Prof. Sukhen Das and Dr. Sutapa Ganguly*
ABSTRACT
The production, characterization, and antibacterial uses of manganese oxide (Mn3O4) nanoparticles particularly against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are highlighted in this thorough study of the material. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and bacterial membrane rupture are two of the special characteristics of Mn3O4 nanoparticles that contribute to their potent antibacterial action. These characteristics include increased surface area, varied band-gap energies, and improved redox activity. As environmentally benign substitutes for traditional chemical approaches, the review emphasizes green synthesis techniques that use plant extracts and have benefits including lower toxicity, cost-effectiveness and environmental sustainability. Additionally, by changing their electrical structures and increasing the formation of ROS, doping Mn3O4 nanoparticles with metals including ruthenium, zinc and palladium enhances their antibacterial efficacy. Numerous synthesis methods are described, such as sol-gel, co-precipitation, chemical reduction, hydrothermal, and physical processes; co-precipitation is preferred due to its ease of use and compatibility with the environment. To ascertain the size and shape of nanoparticles, characterization techniques such as FTIR, UV spectroscopy, SEM and XRD are employed. There are still issues with synthesis repeatability, toxicity evaluation, and targeted delivery despite encouraging antibacterial and biocompatibility results. In order to address pressing global health and environmental issues and advance sustainable nanotechnology development, the review concludes that green synthesis combined with doping strategies provides a flexible platform for creating advanced Mn3O4 nanomaterials with potential uses in biomedicine, water purification, and infection control.
Keywords: These characteristics include increased surface area, varied band-gap energies, and improved redox activity.
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