European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

MICROBIAL BIOENGINEERING FOR REGENERATIVE PHYSIOLOGY: EMERGING FRONTIERS IN TISSUE REPAIR AND RECONSTRUCTION

Suman Mondal*

ABSTRACT

Regenerative physiology is rapidly evolving with the integration of microbial bioengineering, offering innovative strategies for tissue repair and reconstruction. Microbes, including bacteria, fungi, and algae, are emerging as versatile biofactories capable of producing biopolymers, growth factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking materials essential for tissue regeneration. Engineered microbial systems, empowered by synthetic biology and CRISPR-based tools, facilitate the synthesis of bacterial cellulose, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and other biodegradable polymers for scaffold fabrication. Additionally, microbial metabolites and extracellular vesicles exhibit potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, accelerating wound healing and reducing fibrosis. The use of microbial biopolymers in 3D bioprinting enables the creation of biomimetic, patient-specific scaffolds for bone, skin, cartilage, and organ regeneration. Host–microbe interactions and probiotics further contribute to tissue repair by enhancing angiogenesis and immune regulation. Despite the immense potential, challenges such as biosafety, reproducibility, and regulatory barriers remain. Future advances integrating microbial bioengineering with nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, and personalized medicine hold promise for next-generation regenerative therapies. This review explores the emerging frontiers of microbial bioengineering in regenerative physiology, emphasizing its transformative role in tissue repair and reconstruction.

Keywords: microbial bioengineering, regenerative physiology, tissue repair, bacterial cellulose, biopolymers, 3D bioprinting, extracellular vesicles, synthetic biology.