European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYCOLOGY

Dr. Eluri Komala

ABSTRACT

Algae are chlorophyll-containing organisms that can have unicellular or multicellular reproductive structures. Each cell in these structures has the potential to function as a gamete, a feature that sets them apart from other green plants. They primarily inhabit aquatic environments, including both freshwater and marine ecosystems. However, they are also found on soil, moist rocks, wood, and even in symbiotic relationships with fungi and certain animals. Algae play a crucial role in ecosystems as primary producers, generating energy-rich organic compounds that support aquatic food chains. Planktonic algae, in particular, are essential contributors to aquatic ecosystems. It is estimated that nearly 90% of Earth's photosynthesis occurs in aquatic environments, with suspended algae being the primary contributors. Through photosynthesis, algae release oxygen into their surroundings, significantly increasing dissolved oxygen levels in water bodies. Additionally, certain blue- green algae (cyanobacteria) can fix atmospheric nitrogen, converting it into nitrogenous compounds that enrich soil and water. This process, known as nitrogen fixation, enhances fertility in their habitats.

Keywords: .