COMPARATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ASSESSMENT OF PERSEA AMERICANA SEED AND NAUCLEA LATIFOLIA ROOT EXTRACTS
Nourou-dine Balogoun, Amoussatou Sakirigui*, Franck Yovo, Jean-Robert Klotoé, Victorien Dougnon, Gado Dramane
ABSTRACT
Dysmenorrhea, a common menstrual pain condition, is primarily linked to an inflammatory process triggered by excessive prostaglandin production. These mediators cause pelvic pain, digestive, and musculoskeletal disorders, impairing the quality of life of women who suffer from them. Due to the inaccessibility of certain allopathic treatments, the interest in natural, effective, and affordable alternatives must be considered. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate and compare the anti-inflammatory activity of Persea americana (PA) seeds and Nauclea latifolia (NL) roots, a plant traditionally used for dysmenorrhea treatment. Hydro-ethanolic extracts of both substrates were obtained by maceration and then subjected to qualitative (coloration and precipitation reactions) and quantitative (spectrophotometry) phytochemical analyses. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in vivo in Wistar rats using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Both extracts exhibited similar phytochemical profiles, with the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and reducing compounds. The PA seeds extract was distinguished by its high polyphenol (989.12 mg/g) and flavonoid (26.82 mg/g of extract) content. Biological tests showed significant edema inhibition at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, reaching up to 46.15% for PA seeds and 65.38% for NL. PA activity was particularly pronounced during the first three hours, the critical phase of acute inflammation. These results suggest that Persea americana seeds, considered a waste product, could be a promising natural alternative for the treatment of dysmenorrhea.
Keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity, Persea americana seeds, Nauclea latifolia roots, Hydro-ethanolic extracts, Phytochemical analyses.
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