European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

UNREGULATED FISH FARMING MAY TRANSFORM KOLLERU LAKE INTO A HEALTH HAZARD FOR KAIKALURU

*Dr. M. Vijaya Kumar, Dr. V. Sandhya

ABSTRACT

Kolleru Lake, a Ramsar site and India's largest freshwater lake, is experiencing severe environmental degradation primarily due to the unchecked expansion of commercial aquaculture. This activity has led to extensive conversion of the lake into fishponds, resulting in significant water pollution through organic loading, chemical contamination, and salinity intrusion. These environmental changes directly compromise the quality and availability of drinking water in surrounding areas, particularly Kaikaluru Mandal. Local communities face a heightened incidence of waterborne diseases and chronic health issues, including skin allergies, neurological disorders, and potential cancer risks, stemming from exposure to contaminated water and bioaccumulated toxins in farmed fish. Despite existing robust regulatory frameworks and past government interventions like "Operation Kolleru," the persistent economic incentives for aquaculture, coupled with enforcement gaps and socio-economic vulnerabilities, have hindered sustainable management. The situation underscores a critical environmental justice concern, where economic benefits are disproportionately offset by severe health and environmental burdens on local populations, necessitating a comprehensive and integrated approach to restore ecological balance and safeguard public health.

Keywords: Kolleru Lake, Aquaculture, Water Pollution, Public Health, Kaikaluru Mandal, Environmental Degradation.