European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK MODULATION BY LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION AS PREDICTED BY NOVEL “ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BASED” CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (AICVD) RISK SCORE

Virendra Kumar Yadav*, Rishi Sethi, Akshaya Pradhan

ABSTRACT

Background: The pandemic of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) contribute maximally to the global mortality1, hence the focus on primary prevention by risk factor modulation is of vital importance. AICVD Cardiac Risk Score2 is a novel artificial intelligence-based risk prediction score system that provides the individual’s future risk of CV events. We planned to study the impact of lifestyle modification on the CV risk status as measured by AICVD risk score. Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted over a time period of one year from January- December 2021. Cohort of 312 patients with age group 40-60 years having at least one of the four traditional cardiovascular risk factors for CAD i.e. DM, Hypertension, Smoking and Dyslipidemia were included in study, The primary outcome measure was to compare the change in AICVD risk score and category after 6 months of intense lifestyle modification. Secondary outcomes were changes in blood pressure, body-mass index, serum cholesterol, blood glucose, smoking cessation, physical activity and stress level. Result: In a cohort of 312 patients, Baseline CVD risk was calculated by using “AICVD risk calculator” and measures of Intense lifestyle modifications were advised to all patients and their CVD risk was again calculated at the end of 6 months and change in AICVD risk score and category was compared from baseline. The result showed significant 27.72% change in mean value in AICVD risk score after lifestyle modification (p-valve <0.001) while optimal risk score did not changed significantly (p value = 0.317). After life style modification, 93.1%% moderate risk category patients had noted significant drop in their CVD risk category from moderate to minimal risk (p-value=<0.001) and 86.02% high-risk patients had noted drop in their CVD risk category from high to either moderate (84.94%) or minimal risk (1.07%) category (p-value=<0.001). Conclusions: By applying intense lifestyle modification, majority of moderate and high-risk category patients who had more than 1 risk factors of CAD at baseline showed very significant change in their AICVD risk score and category at the end of 6 months but the obese or overweight patients with other risk factor do not show such significant change in their CVD risk. This signifies that obesity is the most important modifiable risk factor of CAD.

Keywords: CVD risk factors, AICVD risk calculator, Intense lifestyle modification, Change in AICVD risk score and category.