CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN JORDAN: TRENDS AND INSIGHTS FOR 2024–2025
Dr. Ma’moon Mahmoud Ali El-Harahshah*, Dr. Khaled Abdulraheem Subhi Elfauri,
Dr. Rashid Ahmad Sulieman Alharahsheh, Dr. Abed Elfattah Majed Al Awaisheh,
Dr. Thabet Ahmad Hasan Alshwaiyat
ABSTRACT
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with Jordan
experiencing an increasing burden due to risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, and genetic
predispositions. Despite advancements in healthcare infrastructure, the incidence of CVD-related hospitalizations
and mortality rates continues to rise. Several factors contribute to this trend, including the high prevalence of
metabolic syndrome, obesity, and poor management of hypertension and diabetes. This review synthesizes 21
recent studies (2024–2025) that examine the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and prevention of CVDs in Jordan.
Hypertension is identified as the most prevalent risk factor, followed closely by obesity and diabetes. Metabolic
syndrome plays a significant role in cardiovascular risk, particularly among type 2 diabetes patients. Furthermore,
genetic predispositions, oxidative stress, and inflammation contribute to the development and progression of
CVDs. The findings highlight the urgent need for integrated prevention strategies, including enhanced screening
programs, lifestyle interventions, genetic risk assessments, and stricter tobacco control measures. Addressing
multiple risk factors simultaneously is crucial for mitigating the growing cardiovascular burden in Jordan.
Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking.
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