European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

NANOTECHNOLOGY-ENABLED COMBINATION THERAPY FOR ARTHRITIS: NANOEMULSIONS, NANOPARTICLES, AND TOPICAL GEL SYSTEMS

*Mohd. Junaid, Dr. Swati Mittal, Iram Khan, Prof. (Dr.) Babita Kumar

ABSTRACT

Arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and progressive loss of function. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are examples of conventional therapy that are effective but frequently have low bioavailability, restricted targeting of inflamed joints, and systemic adverse effects. Through better medication delivery, greater targeting, and controlled release, nanotechnology is now recognized as a promising approach to get beyond these restrictions. The combination therapy for arthritis made possible by nanotechnology is the main theme of this review, with a focus on topical gel systems, nanoemulsions, and nanoparticles. Nanoemulsions are appropriate for topical and transdermal distribution because of their high drug solubilization, enhanced skin penetration, and quick start of action. Co-delivery of many medications is made possible by polymeric, lipid-based, and metallic nanoparticles. This results in synergistic analgesic and anti-inflammatory benefits while lowering dosages and side effects. Through surface modification and size management, these systems may be designed for targeted and prolonged release at inflammatory joints. Nanocarrier-based topical gel solutions are a patient-friendly strategy that increases local drug concentration, reduces systemic exposure, and boosts patient compliance. Combination treatment with nanocarrier-loaded gels improves therapeutic effectiveness by delivering drugs like corticosteroids, NSAIDs, and natural anti-inflammatory substances all at once. Formulation techniques, modes of action, characterisation techniques, and current developments in nanotechnology-based combination treatments for arthritis are all included in the review. Additionally highlighted are issues with stability, massive manufacturing, safety, and regulatory approval. All things considered, combination therapy enabled by nanotechnology that makes use of nanoemulsions, nanoparticles, and topical gel systems presents a promising and novel strategy for the more efficient, secure, and focused treatment of arthritis.

Keywords: Nanotechnology, Arthritis therapy, Nanoemulsions, Nanoparticles, Combination therapy, Topical gel, Drug delivery systems.