European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

GYNECOLOGICAL UTILITY OF ANTI MULARIAN HORMONE IN FEMALE: A REVIEW

Nautiyal Himani*, Sah Shilpa, Papola Vibhooti and Kumar Ashok

ABSTRACT

Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), also known as mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS),discovered in 1947 by Alfred Jost.It is a dimeric glycoprotein member of TGF-β superfamily.The AMH secretion starts from 36 weeks of pregnancy in preantral and early antral follicles smaller than 4 mm. In females, AMH is mainly secreted by the granulosa cells of ovarian early developing follicles; it reaches peak levels after puberty and steadily decreases until menopause.AMH levels are stable during the menstrual cycle. Until puberty, serum levels of AMH are negligible, but they increase thereafter to levels comparable with those in men, probably as a result of follicular growth, and they remain detectable until the end of ovarian activity. Normal values of AMH in the females are: 1- 8 μg/l in the fertile phase. Values below 1 μg/l suggest reduce fertility and values below 0.025 μg/l suggest infertile. Increase values of AMH correlate with the severity of the disease. The molecule has evolved in the last few decades for the assessment of ovarian reserve in females. AMH can be used as a screening test of assess the fertility status of women wishing to have children beyond 35 years of age. AMH levels are found increased in 76- 93% of women with granulosa cell tumors.

Keywords: Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH), Infertility, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS),), Anovulation, Premature ovarian failure.