PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTIMICROBIAL AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI
Sujatha Peela* and Kondalarao Majji
ABSTRACT
Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae), Known as “quebra-pedra” (Portuguese for “stonebreaker”) is an herb used
for kidney disorders. Whole plants have been used in traditional medicine for treatment of jaundice, asthma,
hepatitis and malaria. The present study was designed to determine the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial
activity and cytotoxicity of compounds isolated from the different solvent extracts of the aerial part of Phyllanthus
niruri. The phytochemical analysis was done with 6 solvent extracts viz Hexane, chloroform, Acetone, Ethanol,
Methanol and Aqueous). The phytochemical analysis revels presence various bioactive compounds like Alkaloids,
Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins, Glycosides, Terpenes, and Phenolic compounds in all the extracts at various
concentrations. The Anthraquinones were absent in the plant extracts of all the solvents. The Antimicrobial
activity was done against selected gram positive bacteria viz Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Gram
negative bacteria viz Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris. Among all the solvents used in the study
(hexane, Chloroform, Acetone, Ethanol, Methanol, Aqueous) the antibacterial efficiency of the methanolic extract
of Phyllanthus niruri Linn. was high compare to other solvent extracts. The brine shrimp lethality test results
reveal the LC50 value of methanolic extract was 0.8 μg/ml which proves its cytotoxic activity. Further the Antiinflammatory
studies were underway.
Keywords: Antibacterial, Methanol, Inhibition zone, Cytotoxic.
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