European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

A REVIEW ON NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS WITH SPECIFIC EMPHASIS ON BIOMARKERS, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, AND PRECLINICAL MODELS.

Ashima Sharma and Sunita Goswami

ABSTRACT

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDD) are described as disorders with selective loss of neurons and distinct involvement of functional systems defining clinical presentation. Studies have shown that alteration in gene coding, proteins with altered physicochemical properties are deposited in the human brain in neurodegenerative disorders (NDD). The present review focuses on the pathogenesis behind these NDD at molecular level and their clinical biomarkers. Accordingly, NDD-related proteins and their biochemical modifications can be used as biomarkers and may be targeted for therapy. We are going to discuss the most common neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease and prion diseases, with a particular focus on similarities and differences among these syndromes.

Keywords: Alzheimer disease; Parkinson‘s disease; Huntington‘s disease; Prion‘s disease, Preclinical models.