VERY-LOW-CARBOHYDRATE HYPOCALORIC DIET AND COFFEE INTAKE EXHIBIT ADDITIVE AND REINFORCING EFFECTS IN PREVENTION AND REVERSAL OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE
Dr. S. E. Oriaifo*, Dr. Nicholas. Oriaifo, Dr. (Mrs.) M. Oriaifo and Dr. C. Iruolagbe
ABSTRACT
Increasing sedentary lifestyles fuel the rising incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, a major risk factor for memory loss, kidney failure and stroke. Of all dietary manipulations, only the hypocaloric intervention has acquitted itself as a credible and potent tool for the prevention and reversal of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Dietary lifestyle intervention or calorie restriction-mimetics have shown great promise in reversing omics signatures to normal in type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and epilepsy. The modified hypocaloric ketogenic diet preserves beta-cell mass and suppresses the deleterious effects of hyperinsulinaemia as a result of high-carbohydrate indulgence. The very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet possesses additive effects with coffee intake at several levels in the brain and peripheral organs. They may synergistically upregulate the sensitivity and levels of the present major anti-insulin resistance treatments of insulin, insulin sensitizers, glucagon-like peptide-based agents and adiponectin. They may also co-operate with exercise to enhance higher cognitive function, upregulate adiponectin- and GLP-I-induced suppression of the advanced glycation endproducts (AGE)-receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) axis and attenuate the selective leptin resistance (SLR) in the metabolic syndrome. Present report shows that habitual coffee intake and very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet most significantly (P < 0.05) prevented rise of selected factors of BMI, FBS, triglycerides and HbAIc in non-diabetics than VLCKD or coffee alone. The combination also most significantly reversed the rise of these factors in subjects with the insulin resistance state. The combination thus attests to its eligibility in the prevention and reversal of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nigerian adults.
Keywords: Hypocaloric, coffee, very-low-carbohydrate, prevention, reversal, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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