European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY: ITS IMPACT ON MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOME

Dr. Neelu Rajput*

ABSTRACT

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia,gestational diabetes, preterm and small for gestational age infants.[1] Vitamin D has direct effect on pathogenesis of preeclampsia such as trophoblastic invasion and immunomodulation.[2] Low level of Vitamin D is associated with increased risk of GDM,vitamin D regulates glucose metabolism through influencing insulin sensitivity.Vitamin D increases risk of preterm delivery due to increased colonization by bacterial vaginosis species.[3,4] Material and Method: This randomized case control study was conducted on 300 women, admitted in Gandhi Memorial Hospital, associated Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa(M.P.) from 1st August 2015 to 31st July 2016. Comparison was made between control and study groups and data were analysed.Results were expressed using Chi square test and P value. Result: Total cases of PIH,GDM,Preterm and SGA were 43,13,34 and 28.In study group, out of 150 cases,66% of women have maternal complications.Vitamin D deficiency was associated with maximum number of PIH cases(24.7%), followed by Preterm (20%), SGA(14%) and GDM(7.3%).Among PIH cases, maximum have deficiency (39.5%).Out of 13 GDM cases, most of them have deficiency(38.4%).Out of 34 Preterm cases, maximum have insufficiency(38.2%) of vitamin D.Incidence of stillbirth and early neonatal death was more in study group(4.6%,3.3%) than control group(2%,1.3%). Conclusion: The study results suggest that vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy is associated with elevated risk for Preeclampsia, GDM, Preterm birth and Small for gestational age baby. Vitamin D supplementation in early pregnancy may be a simple way to reduce the risk of these adverse pregnancy outcome.

Keywords: Pregnancy induced hypertension,gestational diabetes mellitus,small for gestational age,vitamin D.