CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTAL INHIBITION POTENTIAL OF PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI, SYNADENIUM GRANTII AND CORIANDRUM SATIVUM AS AN INDICATOR OF ANTI-UROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY
Mashitha Vinod Pise*, Richa Dubey, Sudipta Sarkar and Rashmi Pushkar Padhye
ABSTRACT
The aim of study was to assess inhibitory potential in the aqueous leaf extracts of Synadenium grantii, Phyllanthus niruri, and Coriandrum sativum against calcium oxalate crystal formation by in vitro agar gel assay method. This study gave useful insight about the anti-urolithiatic potential of these plants. Urolithiasis or renal calculi is also known as kidney stone. The calculi formation is a multistep process which involves supersaturation of calcium oxalate followed with nucleation, aggregation and retention of calcium oxalate crystals. The process is favored by imbalance between stone promoters and stone inhibitors. The predominant stone promoter is calcium oxalate and effective inhibitors are magnesium and citrate. Plants rich in stone inhibitors can act as phytoremedies for this condition. In the current study, formation of calcium oxalate crystals under in vitro conditions was performed using calcium chloride and ammonium oxalate in presence and absence of plant extracts. The extracts were prepared by decoction method of concentrations 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/ml. The results were compared against Magnesium chloride and Cystone as positive controls. The result showed that the different leaf extracts had significantly decreased the precipitation reaction in the gel assay. It also confirmed that the percentage inhibition is highest in Coriandrum sativum dried leaf decoction at concentration of 100 mg/ml among three selected medicinal plants as compared to Cystone. The mineral analysis has confirmed the presence of high levels of magnesium, phosphorus and iron in the leaf extracts by Atomic absorption spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Keywords: Anti-urolithiasis, Synadenium grantii, Phyllanthus niruri, Calcium oxalate crystals.
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