European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKAEMIA IN SUDANESE PATIENTS

Eldirdiri M. Abdel Rahman, Nazik E. M. Ahmed, Enaam A. Abdelgadir, Ihsan M. Osman, Sana E. Abdalla* Amira A. K. Humeida, Manal M. Eltahir and Alya A. Salman

ABSTRACT

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disease of the bone marrow in which hematopoietic precursors are arrested at early stages of development. Patients present with anaemia, gum bleeding and multiple ecchymoses. Bleeding may be caused by thrombocytopenia or coagulopathy that results from disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The aim of this study is to assess the haematological parameters in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia readily available in Sudan at the time of presentation. Methods: Sixty patients attended the referred clinic in RICK or those admitted in the hospital were selected. Complete blood count and peripheral blood films were done. Bone marrow aspiration, Sudan Black B and coagulation profile were performed. Results: A haemoglobin level between 5-11g/dl was seen in 36.7% patients, 61.6% of patients had their haemoglobin level between 5-11g/dl, and 1.7% of patients had haemoglobin level more than 11g/dl. Total white blood cell count more than 11X109/l were found in 40% of patients Platelets count between 20-50×109/L was seen in 33.3%. Morphological examinations showed peripheral blasts seen in 80% of patients. 91.7% of patients showed increased bone marrow cellularity. All the sixty patients had >20% blasts in their bone marrow examination. Auer rods in the blasts were found in 55% of the patients. Sudan Black B stain is positive in 70% of patients studied. Regarding types of Acute Myeloid Leukemia M2 were the main type found followed by the M4 and M1. Conclusions:Anaemia and thrombocytopenia with high total white blood cell count are common presentations in acute myeloid leukaemia and the majority of patients had peripheral blasts in their peripheral blood picture and the diagnosis was confirmed by bone marrow examination.

Keywords: Leukaemia, Anaemia, Bone Marrow, White Blood Cells.