European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

A REVIEW OF PHARMALOGICAL AND THERAPEUTICAL ACTIVITIES OF AN ANTI-ULCER DRUG NIZATIDINE -REVIEW ARTICLE

Dr. A. Sambasivarao and M. Hareesh Reddy*

ABSTRACT

Nizatidine is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of stomach acid production, and commonly used in the treatment of gastroesophagel reflux disease, peptic ulcers, and duodenal ulcers and induces the stress ulcers. Nizatidine proved to be the latest new histamine H2 receptor antagonist introduced prior to the advent of proton pump inhibitors. It is considered to be equi-potent with ranitidine and differs by the substitution of a thiazole ring in place of the furan ring in ranitidine. Oral treatment of gastric disorders with an H2-receptor antagonist like Nizatidine used in combination with antacids promotes local delivery of these drugs to the receptor of the parietal cell wall. Local delivery also increases the stomach wall receptor site bioavailability and increases the efficacy of drugs to reduce acid secretion..This principle may be applied for improving systemic as well as local delivery of Nizatidine which would efficiently reduce gastric acid secretion. Nizatidine is absorbed only in the initial part of the small intestine and has 70% absolute bioavailability. Moreover, colonic metabolism of Nizatidine is partly responsible for the poor bioavailability of Nizatidine from the colon and short biological half-life of drug (1-2 hours) which favors development of a controlled release formulation.

Keywords: Nizatidine, Histamine H2 receptor antagonist, Proton pump inhibitor, Bioavailability, Gastroesophagel reflux disease, Peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer.