PANCYTOPENIA: A CLINICO HEMATOLOGICAL STUDY
*Dr. Amit Agarwal and Dr. Smita Gupta
ABSTRACT
Background: Pancytopenia is the simultaneous presence of anemia, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia. It is usually a manifestation of bone marrow disorder either primary or secondary. The presenting symptoms are usually attributable to anemia, leucopenia, or thrombocytopenia. The severity of the pancytopenia and the underlying pathology determine the management and prognosis. Thus identification of the correct cause will help in implementing appropriate therapy. Method: This study was carried out between July 2014 to june 2016 in the Department of Medicine, SRMSIMS, Bareilly. After a detailed history and medical examination basic hematological investigations like complete blood count, reticulocyte count, and peripheral smear examination were performed in each case. Bone marrow aspiration was subsequently carried out. Clinico-pathological correlation was done in all cases before reaching a definitive diagnosis. Results: A total 54 patients of pancytopenia were included in our study. Out of 54 cases 32 (59.25%) were male and 22 (40.74%) were female. The age ranged from 14 to 72 years and mean age was 37.7 years. The commonest mode of presentation was generalized weakness (100%) and most common physical finding was pallor (100%). The predominant blood picture was macrocytic anemia and most common cause was megaloblastic anemia (57.40%). Conclusion: Pancytopenia should be suspected on clinical grounds when a patient presents with unexplained anemia, prolonged fever and tendency to bleed. Many of causes of pancytopenia are completely curable while others are managable. This will help to reduce patients suffering, improves quality of life and prolongs survival.
Keywords: Pancytopenia, Bone marrow aspiration, Megaloblastic anemia.
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