European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

A REVIEW ARTICLE ON MUMPS DISEASE

Jahan Banoo*, Abujam Nganthoi Devi, Zakarya Noorani, Shubam Sehgal, Tanvay Jaithliya and Neelam Somani

ABSTRACT

Mumps is a common childhood infection caused by the mumps virus. Mumps virus causes childhood disease that is characterised by swelling of the salivary glands [parotitis] and the testes [orchitis]. Other complications includes deafness and pancreatitis. Though it causes what is usually a mild disease infection, in adolescents and adults, it can be seriously uncomfortable and lead to meningitis and other sequelae. It was the main cause of viral meningitis before vaccine controlled the numbers of cases. Clinical diagnosis can be based on classic parotid swelling; however, this feature is not present in all cases of mumps and can also occour in various other disorders. Laboratory diagonis is based on isolation of virus, detection of viral nucleic acid, or serological conformation [generally presence of IgM mumps antibodies]. Mumps virus is a nonsegmented negative-stranded ribonucleic acid virus belonging to the family paramyxoviridae. Mumps is vaccine-preventable and one dose of mumps vaccine is about 80% effective against the disease. Routine vaccination has proven highly effective in reducing the incidence of mumps, and is presently used by most developed countries; however, there have been outbreaks of disease in vaccinated population. in 2005,a large epidemic peaked in the UK, and 2006 the American Midwest had several outbreaks. In both countries, the largest proportion of cases was in young adults.

Keywords: Mumps, Mumps virus; parotitis; paramyxovirus; RNA virus; orchitis; MMR vaccine.