FREE FATTY ACID AND LIPID PROFILE IN ACTIVE TB, LATENT TB, ACTIVE TB AND HIV, ACTIVE TB AND MALARIA PARASITE IN SUBJECTS IN ANAMBRA
Ihim Augustine Chinedu*, Obi Patrick Chinedu, Meludu Chukwuemeka Samuel, Charles Chinedum Onyenekwe, Anyabolu Ebelenna Arthur and Njoku Chidiadi Mary Ann
ABSTRACT
Background: M. tuberculosis infection is a serious public health challenge especially in developing countries for instance Nigeria. This cross sectional research investigated the effect of tuberculosis (TB) infection on free fatty acid and lipid profile of subjects in Anambra State. Methods: Free Fatty acid (FFA) and Lipid profile levels were determined from 239 study subjects composed of 120 treatment naïve active TB patients [26 HIV co infected (TB+HIV+) and 82 HIV negative (TB+HIV−), 12malaria parasite co-infected (TB+MP+)], 26 latent TB infected (LTBI) and 105 healthy control(TB-HIV−TST−). Questionnaire was used to obtain personal data and relevant medical history. The weight and height of all the subjects were measured and used to determine their Body Mass index. TB infection was determined by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) sputum smeared microscopy and confirmed positive using gene Xpert. FFA and Lipid profile were estimated by colorimetric method employing biovision FFA and Randox kits UK respectively. Results: The levels of FFA, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) in TB+, TB+HIV+ and TB+MP+ subjects were significantly lower compared to healthy control and LTBI subjects (P<0.05). Further, there was no significantly lower difference in the levels of FFA,TG,TC,HDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C in LTBI subjects compared to healthy control subjects (P>0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in the levels of FFA,TG,TC, LDL-C,VLDL-C and HDL-C in TB subjects compared to TB+ HIV+ and TB+MP+ subjects (P>0.05) respectively. Conclusion: Low level of free fatty acid and hypolipidaemia in TB subjects could be attributed to tuberculosis especially in active TB infection.
Keywords: Tuberculosis, lipid profile, malaria parasite.
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