European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

ADVANCES IN MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF PROSTATE CANCER: A REVIEW

Fidelis Nwachukwu and Olivia Foster*

ABSTRACT

Prostate cancer remains the number 1 male cancer in terms of incidence after skin cancer, and the number 2 cancer mortality; with a seemingly increasing trend in advanced and resistant prostate cancers. This report shows to outline the progression of prostate cancer medical management from its earliest days of discovery to present day experimental treatments. We show its beginnings with surgical castration and its slow gradual move towards medically, Sophisticated treatment protocols. At first orchidectomy was the first-choice procedure but proved to be too crass. Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists complemented by androgen receptor antagonists were presented as the solution and used in conjugation with radiotherapy as a frontline management of metastatic disease but patients often relapsed citing to the treatment’s inability to withstand time. Cytotoxic therapy was then introduced and proved to prolong overall survival with patients of newly diagnosed prostatic growth; agents such as docetaxel became one of the most commonly used due to its success with patients. However not all found success so there is a push to further specialize treatments that encompass the rest, particularly the older and late stage population. Recent FDA approvals of vaccine therapies, next generation hormonal treatments, and radiation particle-based therapies have shown varying progress ranging from a reduction in PSA levels to suspending symptoms. Currently there are several drugs undergoing clinical trials which boast remarkable results with individuals after receiving cytotoxic therapy, some of which are vector-based therapeutic cancer vaccine and monoclonal antibodies. Today researchers are working towards increasing the survival rate amongst prostate cancer patients; it is no longer a death sentence as new drugs are consistently outdoing their predecessors becoming more effective in the long term.

Keywords: Prostate cancer; metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; advanced prostate cancer.