European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

STUDY OF THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS.

Suvarna Shilpa, Waseem Raja* and Rohey Jan

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Thyroid diseases and diabetes mellitus are the two most common endocrine disorders encountered in clinical practice. This paper demonstrates the importance of recognition of this interdependent relationship between thyroid disease and diabetes which in turn will help guide clinicians on the optimal screening and management of these conditions. Aims and Objectives: (1). To study the prevalence, pattern, relation of thyroid dysfunction in patients with T2DM. (2). To study the relationship between thyroid dysfunction and glycemic control. (3). To study the relationship of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity with thyroid dysfunction. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at Medical Trust Hospital, Ernakulam, Kochi, from October 2015 to December 2017. A total of 150 Type 2 DM patients who satisfied inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Results: We studied 150 patients of which 55.3% were males and 44.7% were females. The mean age of study group was 59.94(+/-11.72) years. Most (32%) of the patients in our study were in the age group of 56-65 years followed by 46-55 years age (25.3%). 42% diabetics were hypertensive, 70% had dyslipidimia. The mean BMI was 23.74(+/-2.15) kg/m2.m The mean HbA1c in the study group was 8.16 (+/- 1.61) %. Out of 150 patients, 41 patients were detected to have thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid dysfunction was more common in females (31.3%) compared to males (24.1%), and the difference was not statistically significant. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in our study was 27.33%. Of this 19.33% had hypothyroidism (11.33% SCH + 8% overt hypothyroid) and 8% had hyperthyroidism (4.7% subclinical hyperthyroidism + 3.3% overt hyperthyroidism). Conclusion: There was higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among females compared to males. Diabetics with thyroid dysfunction had poor glycemic control compared to euthyroid Diabetics. There was no correlation between age, duration of diabetes between euthyroid and patients with thyroid dysfunction. The mean BMI of patients with thyroid dysfunction was higher compared to euthyroid patients. Lastly, our study emphasizes the need to check TSH levels in all type 2 diabetic patients.

Keywords: T2DM, Hypothyroidism, Dyslipidemia, Obesity.