European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

A REVIEW ON CLASSIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION, SYNTHESIS, APPLICATIONS AND TOXICITY OF NANOPARTICLES

Sunitha Reddy M.*, Ph. D. and Pallavi Sunduru, M. Pharm.

ABSTRACT

Nanotechnology is the study of very small structure. It is involved in the development of small structures like atoms, molecules, compounds of size 0.1 to 100 nm that can be developed into special devices with desired characteristics and properties by using synthetic methods like bottom up (or) top down techniques. Due to their small size it enhanced properties such as high reactivity, strength, surface area, sensitivity, stability, etc. These properties of nanoparticles has wide applications in many fields. Nanoparticles exist in different dimensions from natural sources and created by human activities. They play an significant role in technological advancement due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. Nanoparticles may be uniform (or) irregular with variations. They can be crystalline (or) amorphous with single (or) multiple crystal solids either loose (or) agglomerates. Aim of this review article is to know how nanotechnology is been used and developed from ancient days. Overview of this article is nanoparticle classification based on their origin, dimensions of their of structure, and nature, how nanoparticles are synthesized, their characterization, applications in various fields, and toxicity towards cells and tissues. Additionally, it provide information how the nanoparticle and nanotechnology is used in the target drug delivery.

Keywords: Nanoparticle, Drug delivery, Nanotechnology, Particle Size, Surface area, Pharmaceutical.