European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE AND RESISTANCE OF BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL AGENTS ISOLATED FROM DIARRHEA IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS, N'DJAMENA

Nadlaou Bessimbaye*, Bakarnga-Via Issakou, Djimadoum Mbanga, Tsouh Foukou Patrick Valere, Nicolas Barro

ABSTRACT

Immunocompromised people such as HIV/AIDS patients are often subject to diarrheal diseases caused by bacteria and fungi. This study aimed at assessing the biochemical and antibiotic resistance profile of bacteria and fungi isolated from HIV patients. Stool samples were collected and analyzed according to standard clinical microbiology procedures for isolation of the etiological agents of diarrhea, using Hektoen, Mueller-Hinton and Sabouraud media. The filamentation assay, MGG staining, methylene blue and Amann's Lactophenol were used to identify different fungal agents. The biochemical characteristics of isolated fungi and bacteria were determined through agglutination tests, rack and API 20 E galleries. The susceptibility tests were performed by diffusion method on Casitone and Mueller-Hinton agar. The presence of bacteria was linked with CD4 count less than 50. The occurrence of fungi (85.49%) and bacteria (14.50%) isolates were significant (p = 0.001) and showed different range of sensitivity. Majority of bacterial strains were resistant to beta-lactams (50%) and sensitive (85%) to quinolones. The fungal strains were sensitive (83.63%) to the azole derivatives and resistant (96%) to the polyenes. Azole derivatives are more active than polyenes. The activity of fluconazole is limited. We recommend that prescribers recommend the use of 5-fluorocytosine, econazole and voriconazole which are more active and can be an alternative to fluconazole. The most active antibiotics are quinolones. Ciprofloxacin is the most active antibiotic and can be an alternative to nalidixic acid.

Keywords: Diarrhea, HIV, microorganisms, biochemical, resistance, N’Djamena.