European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

A REVIEW ON HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS USED IN NIDDM: MECHANISTIC ASPECTS

Maria Firdous and Sathish Kumar Mittapalli*

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide rising concern that leads to an increased rate of morbidity, mortality, and health-care costs. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires lifelong management to prevent complications such as cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Oral antidiabetic agents form an important therapeutic strategy in the management of diabetes after lifestyle modification. This review provides an overview of potential antidiabetic drugs, mechanisms, adverse effects and comparison between different clinical, pharmacological, adverse aspects and proved to be beneficial for NIDDM patients as well as several new agents available in the market including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been approved for use as monotherapy when diet and exercise are inadequate and also focused on other glucose-lowering agents other than insulin.

Keywords: NIDDM, Hypoglycemic agents, Sulphonyl urea, Mode of action.