European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

SPECTRUM OF ORBITO-OCULAR LESION IN MAKURDI, NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA

*C. O. Ojabo, B. A. Ojo, I. Ugwu, E. Umabong, J. Ngbea, R. Vhriterhire, I. Akpor and C. Udu

ABSTRACT

This was a retrospective study of all ocular lesions requiring biopsy seen in the department of Anatomic pathology, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, (BSUTH) Makurdi, Nigeria between September 2012 and December, 2019. It was a retrospective review of clinico-pathologic profile of orbito-ocular lesions diagnosed at BSUTH. Sixty (60) cases representing 12% of all histopathology specimen processed by our laboratory during the index period were reviewed. Pediatric age group defined as age equal or less than 21 years of age accounted for 17 (28%) of cases while adults accounted for 43 (62%). The male to female ratio was 1.14:1. The most common site of lesions were intraocular (35%), conjuctival (30%), eyelid (28%) and orbit (12%). Squamous cell carcinoma (37%), retinoblastrona (13%) and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (8%) were the common lesion seen in the study.Squamous cell papilloma represents the most common benign lesion (7%). A case of a premalignant condition, primary acquired conjuctival melanosis, a lesion whose nature and importance is controversial was seen representing 2% of the total of all lesions. Our findings are in keeping with previous work in Nigeria and to some extent, Africa. The high rate of squamous cell carcinoma in our work may be a reflection of HIV/AIDs epidemic in Nigeria, as Makurdi, Benue State in Nigeria has a prevalence rate that is higher than the natural average.

Keywords: Orbito-ocular lesions, Makurdi, Nigeria.