European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

S-100 CALCIUM BINDING PROTEIN AS PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN PATIENTS WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Salma H. Elhassan*, Sawsan A.H. Aldeaf, Alsadig Gassoum,Ghada H. Elhassan, AbdElKarim A. Abdrabo, Mohamed Abdelrahman Arbab

ABSTRACT

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the major cause of disability, morbidity, and mortality among individuals younger than 45 years. Age is a strong prognostic factor following TBI compared to other well-accepted prognostic variables such as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and computed tomography category, S-100 B protein is another prognostic factor following TBI and it is the dominant biomarker of TBI in many studies. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional hospitalized-based study conducted in the National Center for Neurological Sciences (NCNS), during the period from October 2015 to October 2018. All patients clinically and radiologically diagnosed with TBI at the NCNS during the aforementioned period was enrolled in the study. Patients with non-traumatic brain injury were excluded from this study. Venous blood samples were collected from all participants in sterile plain containers for S-100 protein measurement by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. CT image findings of each patient were recorded and the outcome of patients was determined using the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS).Results: Eighty-nine patients with TBI were enrolled in the study, 85.4% were males and 14.6% were female. The most affected age group ranged between 19-34 years in 40 patients. The results of this study indicated that 97.7% of the patients showed S-100 protein > 100 ng/L (Reference value=<100 ng/L) P=0.000. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed an association between age and outcome after TBI and an association between S-100 B protein level>150 ng/L and outcome after TBI but not significant to use this marker as a prognostic marker.

Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, S-100 B protein, prognostic factor, outcome, Sudanese patients.