CHEMO-MICROSCOPY OF THE LEAVES AND GC-MS ANALYSES OF OILS FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF LANTANA CAMARA LINN GROWN IN NIGERIA
*Ugbabe Grace E., Okhale Samuel E., Thani Reshammah J., Esievo K. B. and Fatokun O. T.
ABSTRACT
Chemo-microscopic analysis of Lantana camara Linn revealed the presence of lignin, starch, cellulose, oxalate crystals, tannin, oils, proteins and absence of mucilage in the leaves while the flowers showed the presence of all tested metabolites except mucilage and lignin. The GC-MS analysis of volatile oils of different parts (leaves, flowers, fruits) obtained by hydro-distillation was carried out. The total components detected in the oil of the leaf were 48, the flower oil had 49, and the fruit oil had 14 compounds, the major components common in the parts studied were: eucalyptol, beta-caryophyllene and alpha-caryophyllene. The components with the highest percentage compositions in the leaves were: gamma-terpinene (10.24%), eucalyptol (9.36%), alpha-pinene (5.82%), beta-caryophyllene (5.13%). In the flowers the components that had the highest composition were: eucalyptol (7.65%), trans-nerolidol (7.17%), beta-caryophyllene (6.95%), sabinene (6.29%), 14-hexadecatetraenyl acetate (5.82%), alpha-caryophyllene (5.81%) and in the fruits the components that had the highest composition were: phytol (23.04%), octadec-9-enoic acid (15.50%), beta-caryophyllene (13.57%), sabinene (9.66%), n-hexadecanoic acid (9.51%), alpha-caryophyllene (6.97%) and trans-nerolidol (6.93%). The chemo-microscopic and GC-MS characterization of Lantana camara can be used for identification and quality control of the L. camara as a crude drug. Volatile oil constituents found in the different parts of the plant find applications in flavorings, fragrances or perfumery, cough suppressant, manufacture of cosmetic products, manufacture of detergents, soaps, emulsifying agent, manufacture of synthetic vitamin E and vitamin K1 as well as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agents and manufacture of aerosol product and insecticides.
Keywords: Chemo-microscopic analysis, Lantata camara, GCMS Chromatogram, Nigeria.
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