European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

TREATMENT OUTCOME AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS UNDER DOTS IN WEST ARSI ZONE, ETHIOPIA

Abdene Kaso, Gebi Agero* and Mesfin Tafa

ABSTRACT

Despite the availability of effective drugs, tuberculosis remains a major public health problem in the world. World health organization developed the Directly Observation Treatment Short Course with specific targets of 84% case detection rate and 87% treatment success rate. Monitoring the treatment outcomes of tuberculosis and determining the specific factors associated with treatment outcome are essential to evaluate the effectiveness of tuberculosis control program. Objectives: This study aimed to assess treatment outcomes and factors associated with treatment outcomes among TB patients in west Arsi zone. Method: A retrospective institutional based cross sectional study design was used to assess the treatment outcome and associated factors of tuberculosis among patients registered from July 2013 to June 2018 in West Arsi zone. A total of 1912 patient’s data were collected from randomly selected hospitals and health centers at West Arsi using abstraction checklist purposively designed for this study. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was used to determine predictors of successful treatment outcomes. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. P value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Result: - Among 1912 study participants, 927(48.5%) were female and 818(42.8%) were from rural area. The overall treatment success rate was 1749 (91.5%), while 163(8.5%) had unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcome. In the final multi variable logistic regression model, being male (AOR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.40-0.89), relapse (AOR=0.12, 95%CI: 0.05-0.29), age group greater than 44 years old (AOR=0.276, 95%CI: 0.14-0.556) and human immunodeficiency virus co-infected (AOR=0.036, 0.02-0.057) were significantly associated with treatment outcome. Conclusion and Recommendation- The treatment success rate was 91.5% and meets WHO standard. Factors such as being HIV positive, male, retreated patients and age greater than 44 years old were significantly associated with TB treatment outcome. Therefore, to sustain this success rate, early diagnosis, effective management and follow up should be done for HIV co-infected and retreated patients under directly observed short course treatment.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, Treatment outcome, West Arsi.