European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

ALTERATION IN GASTRIC MUCOSAL HOMEOSTASIS IN DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS GASTRO INTESTINAL COMPLICATIONS - A CRITICAL REVIEW

Mohammad Salman Muqtadir* and Hassana Jabeen

ABSTRACT

This critical review aims to outline an alteration in gastric mucosal homeostasis in diabetes, its gastro intestinal complications and the latest management options. Although gastrointestinal complications are prevalent in long-term diabetes, there is little awareness of these complications. Timely screening and timely treatment of gastro intestinal complications are of paramount importance as they are associated with severe morbidity. Esophageal dysmotility, gastro-esophageal reflux disease, gastroparesis, enteropathy, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and glycogenic hepatopathy are some complications associated with diabetes. Diabetes is a multiorgan disease that also targets the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, leading to the development of diabetic enteropathy (DE).DE is poorly characterized thus far, despite its high frequency in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic individuals. Recent evidence suggests that DE as well as other GI diseases may arise due to an alteration in intestinal stem cell (ISC) homeostasis. Because few diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are available in DE, targeting novel mechanisms of disease such as disruption of ISCs is essential.

Keywords: Gastric mucosal homeostasis, Complications, Diabetes mellitus, Clinical management.