European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

A REVIEW PAPER ON ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: A WAY ON PREVENTION AND ITS TREATMENT

Arjun B. Bembade*, Akshay R. Navghare and Dr. M. D. Game Madam

ABSTRACT

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia associated with a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, with a prevalence of 44 million people throughout the world in 2015, and this figure is estimated to double by 2050. This disease is characterized by blood-brain barrier disruption, oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, neuron inflammation, and hypo metabolism; it is related to amyloid-β peptide accumulation and tau hyper phosphorylation as well as a decrease in acetylcholine levels and a reduction of cerebral blood flow. The pharmacological treatments for AD can be divided into two categories: symptomatic treatments such as acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and etiology-based treatments such as secretes inhibitors, amyloid binders, and tau therapies. Strategies for prevention of AD through non pharmacological treatments are associated with lifestyle interventions such as exercise, mental challenges, and socialization as well as caloric restriction and a healthy diet. AD is an important health issue on which all people should be informed so that prevention strategies that minimize the risk of its development may be implemented. Increasing epidemiological studies suggest that diet and Nutrition might be important modifiable risk factors for AD. Dietary supplementation of antioxidants, B vitamins, polyphenols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids are beneficial to AD, and consumptions of fish, fruits, vegetables, coffee, and light-to-moderate alcohol reduce the risk of AD.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA).