European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OF PROSTATE CANCER

Angelos Soukovelos*

ABSTRACT

Prostate cancer is the second major cause of death in men in the United States. Prostate cancer is developed from the prostate glands, which produce semen in men's gonads. Semen contains spermatozoa. Seminal fluid plays an important role in the movements of sperms. Along with the seminal fluid, Sperms flow through the epididymis to vas deference and urethra. Seminal fluid provides an alkaline environment, which protects sperms from the acidic environment in the vagina by allowing a successful fertilizatio process. On both sides of the prostate glands, there are two smaller glands named seminal vesicles. During radical prostatectomies, if these glands are removed, the patient will become infertile because he will not be able to produce seminal fluid which is an important platform for the survival of sperms. This type of cancer is seen in people of older age more than 66 years. People who are more susceptible to develop disease shows some inclined risk factors at the age of 40. These risk factors increase the chances of developing prostate cancer. If there are any signs of developing the disease, most physicians recommend mandatory screening to deal with this cancer type at age of 40-45 years. However, if there are not predisposing signs, then they recommend this screening at the age of 50. Mandatory screening helps to identify cancer-causing Prostate-specific agent PSA in the human blood. Although this screening technique is not 100% guaranteed, still it can predict risk factors and if the PSA test is abnormal, patients will go for further analysis. Several types of pharmaceutical interventions are developed recently for cancer treatment. For diagnosis of prostate cancer, and Digital Rectal Examination is another method that is widely used all over the world. Androgen Deprivation Therapy is also the most common type of treatment. Several surgical interventions are developed which are used to resect cancer completely. Numerous redial prostatectomies are present but their use depends on what type of cancer is and where the cancer is widely spread.

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