European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

AN OVERVIEW: NATURAL HERBS AS AN ATHERO-THROMBOLYTICS

Bandu Kadu*, Nitin Padole, Ram Bawankar, Dharmendra Mundhada and Prakash Itankar

ABSTRACT

Atherosclerosis is the preliminary lipid disorder in which arterial blood vessels become hard and thicken due to multiple plaque formation within blood vessels. These soft multiple plaques suddenly ruptures out, leading to the formation of thrombus that rapidly slow down or stop the blood flow and obstruct the oxygen supply to the targeted tissues. These free floating thrombi can be circulated anywhere in the cardiovascular system including lung, brain, heart or deep veins of leg and leads to serious complications as atherothrombotic diseases (myocardial or cerebral infarction), coronary artery diseases (CAD), peripheral vascular diseases, pulmonary thrombosis, cerebro-vascular disease and heart failure. Pulmonary thrombosis is a inexorable condition commonly appear in Covid-19 pneumonia patients due to fully or partially block blood supply to artery of lung and is characterized by inexplicable breathing difficulties, hemoptysis and chest pain. Similarly cardiac arrhythmias is on rise worldwide and is leading cause of morbidity, mortality and disabilities, is associated with shortness of breath, synapse, angina or finally even death. A Cardio vascular disease (CVD) is the highly implacable disease and often impacting most productive and precious years of individuals throughout the world and hence requires very accurate diagnosis and treatment. Commonly used conventional antithrombotic drugs such as t-PA, Urokinase, Streptokinase, Ateplase, Anisteplase and so forth, play deciding role in CVD management and other related disorders. However, available thrombolytics still have noticeable shortcomings including bleeding, lysis of hemolytic plug, antigenicity, defective coagulation, gastrointestinal and cerebral hemorrhage. In view of the inadequacies of conventional thrombolytics, efforts have made to understand significant value of herbal drugs for treating coronary arterial disease and related problems. As diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking cigarettes, dislipidemia, dyspnea and pneumonia are the prime causes of increasing severity of atherosclerosis and Covid-19 diseases, includes aggregation of platelets which eventually results in thrombus formation and hypoxia. Moreover, covid- 19 death rate is more common among people with such diseases and disorders. Hence food and dietary herbals with antithrombotic characteristics may be used to improve such diseases which ultimately maintain the health and regain healthy state of mind. The present review is focused on the availability of medicinal plants that have antithrombotic, anti- platelets and fibrinolytic potential, which can be explored for the effective treatment of thrombotic diseases, lifestyle disorders and future pandemics like Covid-19.

Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Blood thrombus, Natural herbs.