BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST AS PRINCIPAL BRONCHODILATOR AGENT: A REVIEW
Sanjay Kumar Narang* and Kiran Chauhan
ABSTRACT
Beta-agonists, the cognate ligand of the β2adrenoceptor, have been used as bronchodilators for over thousands of years, and they remain today the frontline treatment for asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The β-agonists used clinically today are the products of significant expenditure and over a hundred year's intensive research aimed at minimizing side effects and enhancing therapeutic usefulness. Inhaled β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR) agonists are considered essential bronchodilator drugs in the treatment of bronchial asthma, both as symptoms-relievers and, in combination with inhaled corticosteroids, as disease-controllers. β adrenergic receptors are coupled to a stimulatory G protein of adenylyl cyclase. This enzyme produces the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). In the lung, AMP decreases calcium concentrations within cells and activates protein kinase A. Both of these changes inactivate myosin light chain kinase and activate myosin light-chain phosphatase. Beta‐adrenoceptor agonists (beta ‐agonists) are among the most used substances in competitive sports. World Anti‐Doping Agency restricts theuse of all selective and non‐selective beta ‐agonists in and out of competition with few exemptions. Formoterol, salbutamol, and salmeterol are allowed by inhalation within defined dosing limits. These restrictions are in place because supratherapeutic use of beta ‐ agonist has the potential to be anabolic and to enhance performance, as well as due to potential side effects. In the present review the potential role of beta agonist have been analyzed with respect to its bronchodilator role in the treatment of asthmatic conditions.
Keywords: Beta-agonist, Muscle, G protien, Astma, Bronchiodilator.
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