European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

INNATE IMMUNE MECHANISMS, TRAINED IMMUNITY, AND IMMUNOTHERAPY DURING SARS-COV-2 INFECTION: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

*Samina Khan, Zainab Imtiaz, Cecilia Gadaga, Ghulam Muhammad Humayun, Blessing Ebong, Olusoji Rahman Adesoji, Richard Okeke, Mujidat Oluwafikayo Hammed, Lisandra Vega Cruz Tooba Shaukat Butt, Ijeoma Akabalu, Odunayo Susan Lawal, Iyanu Victoria Olateju, Matthew Oluwafemi Owolabi and Ofure Harrison

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Innate immunity plays a critical role in the host response following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The innate immune mechanism has gained prominence for its aberrant responses, known as cytokine storm syndrome. Methods: A thorough search of medical databases was conducted to synthesize information in a tabulated and narrative review. Results: Combined with evasive viral responses, innate immunity plays a critical role in the morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19 infection. Trained innate immunity, particularly myeloid cell progeny, is a confounder that needs to be explored further. Vaccinations and endemic infections play a critical role in enhancing trained innate immunity. Conclusion: Our findings collate relevant insight into innate immune mechanisms as well as explain the potential role of environmental priming, known as epigenetics, as a contributor to variable innate immunologic responses based on geographic differences.

Keywords: Immunity, immunology, trained immunity, innate immunity, viral evasion, correlates of protection.